Verse 1

Psalm 4:1-8. On Neginoth, that is, stringed instruments, as the kind of musical accompaniment. On other parts of title, see-on Introduction., The historical occasion was probably the same as that of the foregoing [see on Psalm 3:1, Title]. The writer, praying for further relief, admonishes his enemies of the vanity of attacking God‘s servant, exhorts them to repentance, and avows his confidence and peace in God‘s favor.

Hear — as in Psalm 3:4.

God of my righteousness — or, “my righteous God, as my holy hill” (Psalm 2:6), who will act towards me on righteous principles.

thou hast enlarged — expresses relief afforded in opposition to “distress,” which is expressed by a word denoting straits or pressure. Past favor is a ground of hope for the future.

Verse 2

sons of men — men of note or prominence (compare 2 Chronicles 21:9).

turn my glory — or, “royal dignity.”

into shame — or, “reproach.”

vanity — a foolish and hopeless enterprise (Psalm 2:1).

leasing — a lie.

Verse 3

godly — an object as well as subject of divine favor (compare Psalm 105:14, Psalm 105:15).

Verse 4

Stand in awe — (Ephesians 4:26), from Septuagint, “be angry.” Both clauses are qualified by “not.”

Verse 5

Not only repent, but manifest penitence by sacrifices or righteousness or righteous sacrifices, etc.

Verse 6-7

Contrast true with vain confidence.

light of thy countenance upon us — figure for favor (Numbers 6:26; Psalm 44:3; Psalm 81:16).

Verse 7

corn and wine — literally, “new corn and wine.”

increased — an abundant harvest giving great joy (Isaiah 9:3).

Verse 8

both lay me down, etc. — or, will lie down at once, and sleep in sure confidence and quiet repose (Psalm 3:5).