Verse 1

Most. Septuagint, "he whose face is impudent, shall be hated." The truly wise and virtuous man is always polite and affable. (Calmet) --- As we may form a probable conjecture of a person's disposition from his countenance, so we may judge of man's virtue by their actions. They are right and meritorious when the intention is good, (Worthington) and the works themselves blameless.

Verse 2

I. Protestants add, "counsel thee, to keep, &c. "Obey the king and God." (Haydock) (1 Peter ii. 17.) --- Solomon proposes his own example, or speaks in the name of the just. --- God. The law of Moses, confirmed with an oath, or the engagement to be faithful to the king, 2 Kings vi. 3., and 1 Paralipomenon xxix. 24.

Verse 3

Face. This courtiers observe, while many Christians neglect God. --- Work. Defend not what has been said or done amiss.

Verse 4

So? The eastern kings rule with absolute sway, Proverbs xvi. 14.

Verse 5

Answer. Hebrew, "judgment." He knows when to reprove even kings with effect; like Nathan, Elias, or St. Ambrose, 2 Kings xii. 1., and 3 Kings xviii. 17.

Verse 6

Man. Solomon often reminds him of his misery. Septuagint and Theodotion, "man is possessed of much knowledge," as they read dahth for rahth. (Calmet)

Verse 7

Past. Protestants and Septuagint, "that shall be." (Haydock)

Verse 8

Spirit from leaving the body, or the wind from blowing. There is no quarter given by death; so the wicked cannot escape vengeance.

Verse 9

Hurt. Those who are despised in elevated situations, might have been happy in obscurity.

Verse 10

Works. In life and death hypocrites are mixed with the unjust; and this excites indignation.

Verse 11

Fear. Thus they abuse the patience of God, and grow worse, because he is good. His time will come, Apocalypse xvi. 15, Ecclesiasticus v. 4., and 2 Peter iii. 10.

Verse 12

Face. If God shew such clemency to the wicked, will he disregard his servants? Greek interpreters have read in a different meaning. (Calmet) --- Septuagint, "the sinner has done evil from that time, and for a long while," (Tirinus) &c. See St. Jerome. (Haydock)

Verse 13

Let. Or, Hebrew, "it shall not," &c. (Protestants) (Haydock) --- Faith evinces that the wicked will be punished. --- But. Hebrew, "like a shadow." Septuagint, "under the shade," in prosperity.

Verse 14

Vain, or afflicting. Hence some have denied Providence, Jeremias xii. 1. (Calmet)

Verse 15

No good for a man, &c. Some commentators think the wise man here speaks in the person of the libertine, representing the objections of these men against divine Providence, and the inferences they draw from thence, which he takes care afterwards to refute. But it may also be said, that his meaning is to commend the moderate use of the goods of this world, preferably to the cares and solicitudes of worldlings, their attachment to vanity and curiosity, and presumptuously diving into the unsearchable ways of divine providence. (Challoner) (Chap. ii. 24., and iii. 12., and Ecclesiasticus xv.) (Calmet) --- Felicity is not attached to temporal prosperity, nor are the afflicted always miserable. (Worthington)

Verse 16

Distraction of politicians, (Grotius) and of all human affairs.

Verse 17

Reason. We know in general that God does all for his own glory, and for the welfare of his elect. But we cannot account for his treatment of mankind in particular cases, Romans xi. 33. (St. Jerome) (Calmet) --- Say. Septuagint, "speak what thing soever, that he may know he," &c. (Haydock)

Verse 30

CHAPTER VIII.