Verse 1

Psalm 148:1-14. The scope of this Psalm is the same as that of the preceding.

heavens [and] heights — are synonymous.

Verse 2

hosts — (compare Psalm 103:21).

Verse 4

heavens of heavens — the very highest.

waters — clouds, resting above the visible heavens (compare Genesis 1:7).

Verse 5

praise the name — as representing His perfections.

he commanded — “He” is emphatic, ascribing creation to God alone.

Verse 6

The perpetuity of the frame of nature is, of course, subject to Him who formed it.

a decree  …  pass — His ordinances respecting them shall not change (Jeremiah 36:31), or perish (Job 34:20; Psalm 37:36).

Verses 7-10

The call on the earth, as opposed to heaven, includes seas or depths, whose inhabitants the dragon, as one of the largest (on leviathan, see on Psalm 104:26), is selected to represent. The most destructive and ungovernable agents of inanimate nature are introduced.

Verse 8

fulfilling his word — or, law, may be understood of each. Next the most distinguished productions of the vegetable world.

Verse 9

fruitful trees — or, “trees of fruit,” as opposed to forest trees. Wild and domestic, large and small animals are comprehended.

Verse 11-12

Next all rational beings, from the highest in rank to little children.

princes — or, military leaders.

Verse 13

Let them — all mentioned.

excellent — or, exalted (Isaiah 12:4).

his glory — majesty (Psalm 45:3).

above the earth and heaven — Their united splendors fail to match His.

Verse 14

exalteth the horn — established power (Psalm 75:5, Psalm 75:6).

praise of — or literally, “for”

his saints — that is, occasions for them to praise Him. They are further described as “His people,” and “near unto Him,” sustaining by covenanted care a peculiarly intimate relation.