Verses 1-3

Psalm 44:1-26. In a time of great national distress, probably in David‘s reign, the Psalmist recounts God‘s gracious dealings in former times, and the confidence they had learned to repose in Him. After a vivid picture of their calamities, he humbly expostulates against God‘s apparent forgetfulness, reminding Him of their faithfulness and mourning their heavy sorrows.

This period is that of the settlement of Canaan (Joshua 24:12; Judges 6:3).

have told — or, “related” (compare Exodus 10:2).

Verse 2

plantedst them — that is, “our fathers,” who are also, from the parallel construction of the last clause, to be regarded as the object of “cast them out,” which means - literally, “send” them out, or, “extend them.” Heathen and people denote the nations who were driven out to make room for the Israelites.

Verse 4

Thou art my King — literally, “he who is my King,” sustaining the same covenant relation as to the “fathers.”

Verse 5

The figure drawn from the habits of the ox.

Verses 6-8

God is not only our sole help, but only worthy of praise.

Verse 7

to shame — (compare Psalm 6:10), disgraced.

Verse 8

thy name — as in Psalm 5:11.

Verse 9

But — contrasting, cast off as abhorrent (Psalm 43:2).

goest not forth — literally, “will not go” (2 Samuel 5:23). In several consecutive verses the leading verb is future, and the following one past (in Hebrew), thus denoting the causes and effects. Thus (Psalm 44:10-12), when defeated, spoiling follows; when delivered as sheep, dispersion follows, etc.

Verse 11

The Babylonian captivity not necessarily meant. There were others (compare 1 Kings 8:46).

Verse 13-14

(Compare Deuteronomy 28:37; Psalm 79:4).

Verse 15

shame of … face — blushes in disgrace.

Verse 16

Its cause, the taunts and presence of malignant enemies (Psalm 8:2).

Verses 17-19

They had not apostatized totally - were still God‘s people.

Verse 18

declined — turned aside from God‘s law.

Verse 19

sore broken — crushed.

place of dragons — desolate, barren, rocky wilderness (Psalm 63:10; Isaiah 13:22),

shadow of death — (Compare Psalm 23:4).

Verse 20-21

A solemn appeal to God to witness their constancy.

stretched out  …  hands — gesture of worship (Exodus 9:29; Psalm 88:9).

Verse 22

Their protracted sufferings as God‘s people attests the constancy. Paul (Romans 8:36) uses this to describe Christian steadfastness in persecution.

Verses 23-26

This style of addressing God, as indifferent, is frequent (Psalm 3:7; Psalm 9:19; Psalm 13:1, etc.). However low their condition, God is appealed to, on the ground, and for the honor, of His mercy.