Title.—There seems little doubt that this title was suggested by the form of the word rendered “taste” in Psalms 34:8, taamû, reminding the compiler of taamô (“his behaviour,” 1 Samuel 21:13), combined with that of tithhalêl (“shall boast,” Psalms 34:2), with uithholêl (“he is mad,” 1 Samuel 21:14). At least no other conjecture can account for an inscription so entirely foreign to the contents of the psalm, and containing besides an historical blunder in the king’s name (the margin corrects it).

Verse 2

Verse 5

(5) Were lightened.—The Hebrew verb means properly “to flow,” but by a natural process, as in the common phrases “streams of light,” “floods of light,” acquired in Aramaic the sense of “shining.” Such must be its meaning in Isaiah 60:5, almost the echo of the thought in the psalm, the thought of a reflex of the Divine glory lighting up the face of those who in trouble seek God. (Theodoret has “He who approaches God, receives the rays of intellectual light.”) We naturally think of the dying Stephen.

As to the construction, the subject must either be supplied from Psalms 34:2, or it must be general. The LXX. and Vulg. avoid the difficulty by changing to the second person.

Verse 6

(6) This poor man.—Better, this sufferer—i.e., either the writer, or Israel personified.

Verse 7

(7) The angel of the Lord is an expression which has given rise to much discussion. From comparison with other passages it may be (1) any commissioned agent of God, as a prophet (Haggai 1:13). (2) One of the celestial court (Genesis 22:11). (3) Any manifestation of the Divine presence, as the flame in the bush (Exodus 3:2), the winds (Psalms 35:5-6; Psalms 104:4). (4) Jehovah Himself, as in the phrase “the angel of his presence” (Isaiah 63:9). It may very well be, therefore, that the psalmist uses it here in a general sense for the Divine manifestation of protection. We thus avoid the difficulty in the image of one angel encamping round the sufferer, which other commentators try to avoid by supposing angel to mean either a troop of angels, or captain or chief of an angelic army. But for this difficulty, we should connect the psalmist's words immediately with the well-known incident in Jacob's life at Mahanaim, or with the story of Elisha and “the horses and chariots of fire” round about him. We certainly must not let go the beautiful thought that round God's elect—

“The spangled hosts keep watch in squadrons bright.”

Verse 8

(8) Taste.—Comp. Hebrews 6:4 ; 1 Peter 2:3.

Verse 10

Verse 11

(11) Come, ye children . . .—A common proverbial style. See Proverbs 1:8, and passim. (Comp. also 1 John 2:1, &c)

Verse 12

(12) Desireth life.—Better, the man delighting in life. These gnomic sayings are echoes from the book of Proverbs. (See especially Proverbs 4:23.)

Verse 14

(14) And do good.—Negative goodness is not sufficient. Practical good must be added.

Verse 15

(15) The eyes.—A verse quoted in 1 Peter 3:12. (See New Testament Commentary). This psalm had a deep hold on the national mind. With the expression, “his ears to their cry,” we may compare the phrase, “to have a person's ear.”

Verse 16

(16) To cut off.—Notice the fear, so intense and recurring to the Semitic mind, of the extinction of race. (Comp. Psalms 21:10; Job 18:17, &c)

This verse, according to the sense, should certainly change places with Psalms 34:15. This would disarrange the acrostic, bringing pe before ayin; but, as in Lamentations 2, 3, 4 the same sequence of letters occurs, we are led to the conclusion that the order of the alphabet was not definitely or invariably fixed in respect of these two letters, a license intelligible enough when we remember that tsadde, which follows pe, was often interchanged with ayin, which precedes it.

Verse 20

(20) Broken.—See John 19:36, N. Test. Commentary.

Verse 21

(21) Desolate.—Better (as in margin), shall be found guilty, or condemned.

Verse 22

(22) Redeemeth.—Comp. Psalms 25:22, which begins with the same letter, out of its place, and the same word.