Title: Jesus and the Law (Matthew 5:17)
Contents
(Introduction)
overall structure
1. Overall Remarks: 17 - 20
1) 17 - 19: Regarding the abolition theory
2) 20: Regarding legalism
2. Six examples: 21 - 47 (contrast)
1) 21 - 26: Murder - Exodus 20:13, etc.
2) 27 - 30: Adultery - Exodus 20:14
3) 31 - 32: Divorce - Deuteronomy 24:1 - 4
4) 33 - 37: oath - Lev 19:12, Deuteronomy 23:21, etc.
5) 38 - 42: Retaliation - Ex 21:24 - 25, Lev 24:20, Deut 19:21
6) 43 - 47: Love and Hate - Lev 19:18
3. Summary: 48 (Conclusion)
Theme of Fulfillment: The Key Theme of Matthew's Gospel
- Jesus came as the fulfillment of the law.
How did Jesus relate Himself to the Law?
And in doing so, what happened to the Old Testament law?
Two dangers then and today
1) Abolition of the Law
2) Legalism
.General Comments ( 17 - 20 )
“To fulfill the law or the prophets”: v. 17
"Law or Prophets"
(See 7:12, 22:40, Acts 24:14, Romans 3:21)
"Achieve" - - is the key theme.
1) achieve, establish, confirm (by obedience)
2) Show the full meaning
3) to complete, to fill, to bring the ultimate goal, even to the final conclusion
month
Do.
Jesus is fulfilling what the Old Testament foresaw
"until it is done": v. 18
Translation: "Truly I say to you: Until heaven and earth pass away, everything will be
Until it is fulfilled, not one jot, one jot, one jot, one tittle of the law will pass away.
All.
"Until heaven and earth pass away"
"Until all is done"
“One of the least of these commandments”: v. 19
"One of the least of these commandments"
"abandon"
"Better (larger) of (of)": Verse 20
conclusion
- Against legalism
- Regarding the abolition theory
Six Examples ( 21 - 47 ): Contrast
Introduction
Although the introductory phrases are similar to those used by the Jewish rabbis,
And the contrasting form or the content of Jesus' claims cannot be found in rabbinical Judaism.
was unique.
formal phrase
1. "You have heard what was said to the ancients."
"You heard"
The professional use of the rabbis
"You have traditionally come"
"You have understood"
- Both of these uses are practically attested in rabbinical culture, but
this
None of these seem appropriate for the textual contrast.
"what was said"
- This is an expression used only when quoting the Bible or God's proclamation.
"old man"
- This is the generation of Sinai, and all since the succession of the law spoken through Moses.
refers to generations.
2. “But I tell you”
Jesus' thorough ethics had its starting point in the laws of the Old Testament.
But rather than confirming or repealing the law, it
of
transcends, and in doing so fulfills the law.
Murder (Murder) ( 21 - 26 ) - Exodus 20:13, etc.
- Jesus is explaining using everyday language. (Yes, , )
- Legalism has a lot of room to get out of.
But Jesus' demands could be simply applied legalistically or deterministically.
that
this is not
On the contrary, Jesus broke the individual attitudes and behaviors that are signs of the presence of the kingdom of God.
uh
The request is made from the perspective of a restored relationship, not a true relationship.
Adultery (Adultery) ( 27 - 30 ) - Exodus 20:14
- The seventh commandment is being strengthened in light of the tenth commandment.
- The focus of the problem is related to legalism.
(Verses 29, 30)
This hyperbole suggests that decisive sacrifices must be made to avoid temptation.
show the point
Divorce (Lehon) ( 31 - 32 ) - Deuteronomy 24:1 (see Matt 19:3 - 9)
Is Jesus ignoring God 24?
- 'Yes' on the one hand, 'No' on the other hand
that is not
- Misunderstanding of the scribes
Shammai School
Hillel School
such a point
- Deuteronomy 24 recognizes divorce as an established fact, but does not condemn it.
not
goes Jesus is raising a question about that family.
* See Chapter 19: Contrast between Genesis 2:24 and Deuteronomy 24:1-4
- Jesus does not question the authority of either of these verses.
nice
and only mentions its function.
Oath ( 33 - 37 ) - Lev 19:12, Num 30:2, Deut 23:21, Ps 50:14, etc.
- This is a summary rather than a direct quotation of Old Testament passages.
"You shall not swear in vain" - Leviticus 19:12
"Keep your oath to the Lord" - Numbers 30:2, Deuteronomy 23:21, etc.
On the other hand, oaths and vows are not only permitted in the Old Testament, but even commanded.
group
up to (Refer to Num 5:19 et seq.)
- Jesus transcends these rules.
- Verse 34:
- Verse 37:
Retaliation (Retaliation) ( 38 - 42 ) - Ex 21:24 - 25, Lev 24:20, Deut 19:21
- Shows upper bounds on the severity of retaliation.
- Verse 39: The verb "to oppose" is sometimes used in the sense of 'to sue'.
legal trend
"Right Cheek":
"To those who want to bring you underwear against you
"Forcing the duck to go"
"Those who seek" "Those who want to borrow"
Love ( 43 - 47 ) - Lev 19:18, see also Deut. 23:3 - 6
Who does 'your enemy' mean?
-Jesus declared that enemies are also objects of God's love, so we are like him.
quality
expecting that ( v. 45 )
.Conclusion ( 48 )
Summary ( Lev 11:44,45 / 19:2 / 20:26 / Deut 18:13 )
Matthew 5 is not a single code of ethics, but rather about perfection that reflects the character of the Father.
It is given as a demand, an ideal.