Title: The Lord's Prayer
Contents
1. paraphrase
Matthew 6:9-13 Luke 11:2-4
Title Our Father in Heaven Father
God's supplication 1. Reveal your holy name, reveal your holy name
2. Establish your kingdom and establish your kingdom.
3. May your will be done on earth as it is in heaven.
Our supplication 4. Give us today our daily bread, and daily our daily bread.
5. Forgive us our sins as we forgive those who have sinned against us, and forgive all those who have sinned against us. Forgive us our sins as well.
6. Lead us not into temptation and lead us not into temptation.
7. Deliver me from the evil one
2. Solve
The Lord's prayers are contained in Matthew 6:9-13 and Luke 11:2-4. Matthew and Luke copied this prayer from the sayings and edited them separately. While the short prayers in Luke's Gospel reflect the words relatively faithfully, the prayers in Matthew's Gospel have been greatly edited by Matthew (qualifiers for father's title, supplication 3:7).
In any case, Christians offer the Lord's Prayer according to the long form of the Gospel of Matthew. This prayer contains seven supplications followed by a long title. First, there are three petitions concerning God (supplications for God), and then four petitions about us (supplications for short). In the seven petitions, it is God, not us, who act. In other words, rather than discussing our actions, it is a prayer for God's actions. Now, let's take a look at the title and the seven petitions in turn.
* Title
When Jesus prayed, he called God Father (Mark 14:36). As a result, so did the early Christians (Galatians 4:6; Romans 8:15). Aramaic father was originally Agamal (小兒語) in which Aga called for father. She could do that even when she became an adult, and it was probably a title full of affection. The Jews never, ever and ever, call God Father. Luke's "Father" is a graceful transliteration of Dad, and Matthew's "Our Father in heaven" is a Jewish title for God.
* Supplication 1. "May your holy name be revealed"
The literal translation is “Thy name may be sanctified.” The literal translation is unacceptable for two reasons. First, it is rude to refer to the Supreme as "you" in the second person. Also, in Korean, the second person pronoun is often omitted. Second, when translated literally, it sounds as if God’s name, that is, God is profane. It sounds as if you are praying for the common God to refine your way and transform you into a holy one.
If you engrave the will of the first petition, I hope that God's holy image will be revealed in the whole world. We pray that the holy God, although he is hiding in secret, will soon come to the end and be revealed.
* Supplication 2. "You establish your kingdom"
Literally translated, it means "Come, your monarchy." I pray that God will come as King and rule the theocracy. However, to say that the theocracy comes as if it had feet is a unique expression of Jesus that points to the dynamics of the theocracy, but it is definitely offensive to the Korean language. That is why it is paraphrased as “establishing your kingdom”.
The meaning of this supplication is that the tyranny of heartless humans will end, and that God, the most merciful, will come and spread his jhana instead. Jesus himself prayed for the arrival of the doomsday theocracy, but today's Christians deserve God to be in control of our lives and history day by day. Changing the apocalyptic theology of the future into a historical and present theocracy is considered the best way to get rid of the apocalyptic toxins.
* Supplication 3. "Your will be done on earth as it is in heaven"
Literally translated, “Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven.” As is well known, the third petition is a correction of Matthew. If we look at “the will of God” in Matthew’s Gospel, it is divided into two broad categories. Sometimes it refers to the saving will that God wants to save us (18:14), and sometimes it refers to the ethical will that demands our repentance (7:21; 12:50; 21, 28, 31). If we interpret the third petition taking into account the preceding context "You have established your kingdom," then God will come and spread the jhana, thus fulfilling the saving will to save us. If we dare to take into account the two meanings of “God’s will”, the “will of God” in the third petition is primarily God’s will to save us, and secondly, God’s will to save us. It's an ethical will.
* Supplication 4. "Give us this day our daily bread"
1) The Greek word 'epiousios' is translated as 'daily' here, but it can be translated in many other ways. Since 'Epiusios' appears only here in Greek literature, its meaning is unclear, and there are several hypotheses.
① “Give us today our daily bread.” An old Latin translation translated epieusios as 'daily' bread.
② "Give us today the bread we need to survive." The Father Origen explained it as 'the bread necessary for survival'. In the Syriac common Bible Pyeshita, it is translated as 'we need bread', so it is close to Origen.
③ "Give us today the bread of tomorrow." According to the report of Father Hieronymus, in the Gospels of the Hebrews, also known as the Gospels of the Nazarenes, it is called 'tomorrow's bread'.
④ "Give us today the bread of the apocalyptic future." There is a theory that 'tomorrow' in the Hebrew Gospels does not mean a day between today and the day after tomorrow, but rather a great future, that is, the future of the end times.
⑤ “Give us today our daily bread.” In this translation, 'daily bread' (①) and 'bread necessary for survival' (②) are combined to be 'daily bread'. It is a translation used by both Catholics and Protestants in Korea.
2) 'Daily bread' in the original text can be translated as 'daily rice cake' or 'daily rice', but I think it creates an unnecessary problem. I don't know why there are people who eat rice cake every day, but since rice cake is a special meal, 'daily rice cake' is absurd. 'Daily rice' is better, but still a problem. When we think of rice, we unconsciously think of rice, but there was not even a single grain of rice in Israel in the time of Jesus, so there is no word for rice in the Bible. The Greek word 'daily bread' does not refer to just one piece of bread, but to the whole food. It is a Hebrew syntactic that refers to the whole by its parts (提喩法). In the Korean translation, 'bread' for daily use is translated into 'bread' for daily use.
* Supplication 5. "Forgive us our sins, for we have forgiven those who have sinned against us."
Literally translated, "Forgive us our debts as we forgive those who owe us." Here, debt is a symbol of sin. The Aramaic word 'hoba' used by Jesus himself has both meanings of debt and sin. Jesus repeatedly emphasized that only by forgiving the sins of others can our own sins be forgiven (Matthew 5:23-24; 6:14-15 = Mark 11:25). However, if we dig a little deeper, we must first experience God's ultimate forgiveness to develop the capacity to forgive others (Matthew 18:23-35). So, should we unconditionally forgive the sins of others? It is not. Jesus told us to be willing to forgive when we repent of our sins (Luke 17:3-4 = Matthew 18:15, 21-22).
* Supplication 6. "Lead us not into temptation"
And among the many temptations, which temptation are you referring to? ①Let's keep in mind that the Lord's prayer is the daily prayer that the disciples learned from Jesus. Therefore, the temptation of the sixth petition is a temptation to forsake discipleship. Soon, it is temptation to give up the pursuit. ②If I explain it in relation to God's supplications 1 to 3, it is a temptation only for the self-sufficient who wants to live without God. ③ In relation to the fourth petition, the temptation to eat alone, or the temptation to eat after piled up, is fine. ④In addition, if understood in relation to the fifth petition, it is also the temptation of fire that rejects reconciliation with God and with neighbors.
* Supplication 7. "Deliver us from the evil one"
The seventh petition is a correction of Matthew. If the noun in the seventh petition is masculine, it becomes "Deliver us from the evil one." In this case, 'the wicked one' refers to Satan (13:19, 38). However, when viewed as a neutral, it becomes 'Deliver us from evil'. The 'temptation' of supplication is instigated by the 'evil one', that is, Satan.
3. One meaning
The threefold 'supplication' for God's name, the kingdom of God and the will of God is followed by the fourfold 'our supplication' for our food, our sins, and the temptations we receive from Satan. Even if we pay attention to this basic skeleton, the basic purpose of the prayer is clearly revealed. We pray that God will allow us to live our lives under the care of God who is ready for each other.
The gist of Jesus' preaching is the coming of the kingdom of God and the conversion of man. And the core of repentance is love of God and love of neighbor. The Lord's prayer contains the kingdom of God, human repentance, love for God and love for neighbor. It is truly a great prayer.